Science

Science is a systematic and empirical method of inquiry that seeks to understand the natural world and the universe. It involves observing, measuring, experimenting, and formulating theories and laws to explain the phenomena we observe. The primary goal of science is to discover the underlying principles and mechanisms governing the behavior of everything around us.

Scientists are individuals who follow the scientific method, a structured approach to research that involves observation, experimentation, analysis, and the formulation of theories. Depending on their field of specialization, scientists can work in various domains, including physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, geology, psychology, and more.

Science is a cornerstone of human progress and plays a pivotal role in shaping our understanding of the world, driving innovation, and addressing pressing global issues. Its empirical and evidence-based approach ensures that our knowledge is continuously refined and updated, making science an indispensable tool for improving lives and shaping a better future.

Different Branches of Science

Physics

Physics is the study of matter, energy, motion, and the fundamental forces of nature. It seeks to understand the principles governing the behavior of the physical world, from subatomic particles to galaxies.

Astronomy

Astronomy focuses on the study of celestial objects, including stars, planets, galaxies, and the universe as a whole. It seeks to understand the origins and evolution of cosmic phenomena.

Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. It explores cognitive processes, emotions, personality, and social behavior.

Neuroscience

Neuroscience explores the structure and function of the nervous system, including the brain and the nervous system's role in behavior and cognition.

Chemistry

Chemistry is the study of the composition, properties, and reactions of matter. It explores the interactions between atoms and molecules and plays a critical role in understanding materials and chemical processes.

Earth Science

Earth science comprises geology, meteorology, oceanography, and other disciplines that study the Earth and its processes, including the atmosphere, geology, and ecosystems.

Sociology

Sociology examines society, social relationships, and human interactions. It studies social institutions, culture, and societal structures.

Forensic Science

Forensic science applies scientific techniques to investigate crimes, analyze evidence, and support legal proceedings.

Biology

Biology is the study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment. It encompasses various sub-disciplines such as genetics, ecology, physiology, and evolutionary biology.

Environmental Science

Environmental science is concerned with the study of the environment and the impact of human activities on natural ecosystems. It addresses issues like pollution, climate change, and conservation.

Anthropology

Anthropology is the study of human societies, cultures, and their evolution. It includes cultural anthropology, archaeology, linguistic anthropology, and physical anthropology.

Paleontology

Paleontology studies fossils and prehistoric life forms to understand the history of life on Earth.

These are just a selection of the diverse branches of science, and there are many more interdisciplinary fields that combine elements from several disciplines to address complex scientific questions. Each branch of science contributes to our understanding of the world and plays a crucial role in advancing human knowledge and improving our lives.

Checkout some careers in science!

Biologist

A biologist is an expert who examines living organisms and plant life to gain a deeper understanding of their composition, behaviors, habitats, and the intricate relationships they establish with other organisms and their surroundings.

Tasks you may do:

  • Conduct research to answer questions about the natural world

  • Collect biological data and specimens to analyze

  • Write research papers

Degree Typically Needed: Bachelors

Biology

Degree Typically Needed: Bachelors

Relevant Fields: Biology, Chemistry, Physics

Average Salary in US (2023)

$73,104

Average Salary in US (2023)

$71,351

An environmental scientist studies the natural world and how people impact it. They use scientific methods to analyze data and develop solutions to environmental problems, and they might also develop policies and programs to promote sustainability. Environmental scientists often collaborate with engineers, policy makers, and community leaders to address complex environmental issues.

A forensic scientist is a scientist who uses scientific methods to investigate crimes by analyzing evidence collected, often from crime scenes. They analyze evidence such as fingerprints, DNA, and bloodstains to help solve crimes. They play an viral role in the criminal justice system by providing scientific evidence that can help determine the outcome of a case.

Possible Majors: Biology, Chemistry, Criminal Justice, Biochemistry

Possible Majors: Biology, Anatomy, Botany, Ecology, Microbiology

Average Salary in US (2023)

$78,014

Tasks you may do:

  • Collect evidence

  • Analyze evidence collected at crime scenes

  • Write reports on findings

Environmental Scientist

Relevant Fields: Biology

Forensic Scientist

Tasks you may do:

  • Analyze environmental issues

  • Collect data to come up with a solution

  • Advise policy makers

Degree Typically Needed: Bachelors

Possible Majors: Biology, Environmental Science, Geology

Relevant Fields: Biology

Organic Chemist

Chemistry

Organic chemists study and research molecules that contain carbon. They investigate these molecules' properties, structures, and reactions in order to further understand these molecules and design new substances that can be used in pharmaceutical drugs and plastics. They also induce chemical reactions and perform calculations to track or predict results.

Degree Typically Needed: Bachelors

Possible Majors: Chemistry, Biology, Pharmacology

Relevant Fields: Chemistry, Biology

Average Salary in US (2023)

$66,864

Tasks you may do:

  • Conduct studies and scientific research

  • Gather and process samples

  • Maintain records

  • Draw conclusions based on the research findings

Materials Scientist

Tasks you may do:

  • Develop products that are sustainable

  • Conduct experiments and collect data

  • Determine side effects of developed substances and products

Average Salary in US (2023)

$83,946

Degree Typically Needed: Master’s

Possible Majors: Chemistry, Biology, Biochemistry

Relevant Fields: Chemistry, Biology

Toxicologist

A toxicologist has a good understanding of science and often works in the pharmaceutical industry. They study and understand chemicals and other substances to determine whether they are harmful to humans or other living organisms. The job often involves guiding on issues associated with toxic substances.

A materials scientist typically conducts research on the properties and structures of materials to help develop new products or to enhance existing ones. They perform experiments and use computer modeling to study the structure, nature, physical and chemical properties of metals, as well as responses their responses to applied forces.

Average Salary in US (2023)

$95,983

Tasks you may do:

  • Data analysis

  • Operate different laboratory tools and equipment

  • Research existing cases

  • Write reports

Degree Typically Needed: Bachelors

Possible Majors: Chemistry, Material Sciences and Engineering, Physics

Relevant Fields: Chemistry, Engineering, Physics

Astrophysicist

Physics

An astrophysicist is a scientist who studies the physical properties of celestial objects, including stars, planets, and galaxies. They use telescopes and other research tools to observe these objects, and they analyze data to develop theories about their origin, evolution, and structure. Astrophysicists often work in universities, research institutes, or government agencies.

Degree Typically Needed: Ph.D.

Possible Majors: Physics, Quantum Physics

Relevant Fields: Phsyics

Average Salary in US (2023)

$102,640

Tasks you may do:

  • Conduct research and analyze data

  • Write research papers

  • Present findings

  • Collaborate with other scientists on research projects

Tasks you may do:

  • Collect and analyze data

  • Develop theories

  • Write research papers

  • Present findings

  • Collaborate with other scientists on research projects

Health Physicist

Average Salary in US (2023)

$98,670

Degree Typically Needed: Ph.D.

Possible Majors: Physics, Astronomy, Astrophysics

Relevant Fields: Phsyics

Quantum Physicist

Quantum physicists are scientists who study and research the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic levels. They develop and use mathematical models to describe quantum phenomena, as well as design and conduct experiments to test quantum theories.

Health physicists make sure that radiation technologies don't end up harming or killing the people that use them. They are experts in the way that radiation interacts with living beings. They research safe levels of radiation for specific particles as well as investigate the presence of radiation in an environment. Health physicists often work in medical establishments to ensure that all equipment is used safely.

Average Salary in US (2023)

$89,532

Tasks you may do:

  • Study environmental radioactivity levels

  • Ensure proper functioning of the x-ray and storage of radiation therapy

  • Ensure that scientists are following regulations

Degree Typically Needed: Master’s

Possible Majors: Health Physics, Physics, Biology

Relevant Fields: Physics, Biology

Surgeon

Medicine

A surgeon is a medical expert that performs surgeries on human patients for the purpose of curing or alleviating injuries, symptoms, or diseases. They are responsible for examining patients and diagnosing them, checking their medical history, and advising patients and explaining medical procedures to them, prescribing the proper medication before the surgery and for post operation care, and following through with patients, in order to monitor their recovery. They might also conduct research to make advancements in medical science and various surgical procedures.

Degree Typically Needed: Bachelors + Nursing License

Possible Majors: Nursing

Relevant Fields: Medicine, Biology

Average Salary in US (2023)

$426,828

Tasks you may do:

  • Taking patients' medical histories

  • Prepare patients for checkups or procedures

  • Explain upcoming practices

  • Communicating concerns to the assigned doctor

  • Ensure that patients follow the medical advice given to them

Pharmacist

Tasks you may do:

  • Conduct surgical procedures

  • Review test results

  • Recommend treatment plans to patients

  • Manage surgical technicians,

  • Ensure all standards of care and safety are followed in the operating room

  • Address concerns of the patients

Average Salary in US (2023)

$68,485

Degree Typically Needed: M.D

Possible Majors: Medicine, Nursing, Biology

Relevant Fields: Medicine, Biology

Nurse

Nurses are healthcare professionals who provide patient care in healthcare settings. They work with doctors and other healthcare professionals to assess, plan, and implement care for patients. Nurses conduct physical examinations, give medications, keep track of vital signs, and oversee the care plans for patients. Along with educating patients on how to manage their health, they also offer emotional support to patients and their families and fight for patient rights.

A pharmacist is a healthcare professional that specializes in preparing and dispensing medications. They ensure that patients receive the correct medication and dosage. They also provide information to patients about drug interactions, side effects, and proper use. They work with other healthcare providers to develop treatment plans, monitor patient progress, and adjust medications as needed. Additionally, they may provide vaccinations, perform health screenings, and offer advice on over-the-counter medications and supplements.

Average Salary in US (2023)

$142,381

Tasks you may do:

  • Distribute prescribed medications

  • Ensure the quality of medicines supplied to patients

  • Provide proper knowledge on how to take them and possible reactions or side effects that may occur

Degree Typically Needed: Ph.D.

Possible Majors: Pharmacy, Biology, Business

Relevant Fields: Medicine, Biology